What does ADP stand for in a biochemical context?

In a biochemical context, ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate. It is a crucial molecule in cellular energy metabolism. ADP is formed when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) loses one of its three phosphate groups during energy transfer processes in cells. This reaction releases energy that can be harnessed for various cellular functions, such as muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and active transport.

The presence of two phosphate groups in ADP distinguishes it from ATP, which has three. The conversion of ATP to ADP and vice versa is a fundamental component of energy transfer within cells, highlighting the importance of ADP in metabolic pathways. Understanding this distinction is vital for exploring how energy is utilized in biological systems.